Solution space
Four measures, each sized against your electricity consumption where available. Figures are indicative scenarios, not designs.
Roof or ground-mounted photovoltaic modules convert irradiance to DC power, which an inverter converts to AC for on-site use. Surplus is exported where the utility permits.
Assumptions: Array sized at 0.0 kWp to cover ~70% of annual consumption, at 1100 kWh/kWp/year and a 0.8 performance ratio.
Storage decouples generation from consumption: energy is charged when supply is abundant or grid intensity is low, and discharged when it is not.
Assumptions: Assumes storage shifts roughly 5% of annual consumption off peak generation at 0.9 round-trip efficiency. Emissions benefit depends entirely on grid mix timing.
Small wind turbines extract kinetic energy from the wind. Available power scales with the cube of wind speed, so siting dominates every other design choice.
Assumptions: Single 5 kW small-wind turbine at a 0.25 capacity factor, capped at your annual consumption. Highly site-dependent.
Insulation, air sealing, heat-pump conversion, LED lighting and appliance replacement reduce demand before any generation is added.
Assumptions: Assumes a 15% reduction in electricity use from envelope and appliance measures.
